TY - JOUR AU - Grant, Lyle K. AU - Spencer, Robert E. PY - 2003/10/01 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - The Personalized System of Instruction: Review and Applications to Distance Education JF - The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning JA - IRRODL VL - 4 IS - 2 SE - Research Articles DO - 10.19173/irrodl.v4i2.152 UR - https://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/152 SP - AB - <P class=abstract>The present paper (a) outlines the basic features of the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI); (b) provides a brief history of PSI; and (c) describes the application of PSI to distance education. Some common misconceptions about PSI are also addressed. PSI is presented as a helpful universally applicable set of instructional practices that are well suited to distance teaching and learning.</P><P class=abstract><B>Key Terms:</B> Personalized System of Instruction, distance learning, computer-based instruction, mastery-learning, self-pacing, higher-order objectives, scholarship of teaching, proctors, tutoring.</P><p> ER -